Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) are psychiatric diagnoses that involve a significant disturbance in the perception of body shape and weight, leading to an abnormal or obsessive relationship with food, exercise, and self-image.
- Anorexia nervosa is characterized by the refusal to maintain minimally normal weight for age and height (weight less than 85 percent of expected); an intense fear of gaining weight; a denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight; and, in postmenarcheal women, an absence of monthly menstruation.
- Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas; fasting; and excessive exercise.
- EDNOS has many of the characteristics of anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa, without meeting the strict parameters of those diagnoses. While EDNOS is not as well known as the other eating disorders, it is a more significant problem than anorexia or bulimia.
Depression, anxiety, and substance abuse often accompany these disorders. In addition, significant physical complications can also occur. If a student’s eating disorder jeopardizes his or her physical and emotional health, the student may need to leave school and enter intensive treatment. Symptoms associated with eating disorders include
- significant weight loss (15 percent or more of the original body weight);
- the inability to concentrate;
- chronic fatigue;
- decreased strength of immune system and susceptibility to illness;
- an obsession with food that dominates the student’s life;
- extreme moodiness;
- excessive vulnerability to stress;
- the tendency to socially withdraw;
- repetitive injuries and pain from compulsive/excessive exercise; and
- extreme perfectionism and/or rigidity.
If you suspect that a student has an eating disorder: